diff --git a/macos/scripts/injector.mjs b/macos/scripts/injector.mjs
index aa3679d6..9a3ce4ce 100644
--- a/macos/scripts/injector.mjs
+++ b/macos/scripts/injector.mjs
@@ -1070,16 +1070,31 @@ export async function inspectNativeWindow(session) {
   }
 }
 
-async function verifySession(session, expectedThemeId = null, expectedRevision = null) {
+export async function verifySession(session, expectedThemeId = null, expectedRevision = null) {
   const renderer = await session.evaluate(`(() => {
     const box = (node) => {
       if (!node) return null;
       const r = node.getBoundingClientRect();
       const style = getComputedStyle(node);
+      const opacity = Number.parseFloat(style.opacity);
+      const right = Number.isFinite(r.right) ? r.right : r.x + r.width;
+      const bottom = Number.isFinite(r.bottom) ? r.bottom : r.y + r.height;
+      let cssVisible = r.width > 0 && r.height > 0 && style.display !== 'none' &&
+        style.visibility !== 'hidden' && style.visibility !== 'collapse' &&
+        style.contentVisibility !== 'hidden' && (!Number.isFinite(opacity) || opacity > 0);
+      try {
+        if (typeof node.checkVisibility === 'function') {
+          cssVisible = cssVisible && node.checkVisibility({
+            checkOpacity: true,
+            checkVisibilityCSS: true,
+          });
+        }
+      } catch {}
+      const intersectsViewport = right > 0 && bottom > 0 && r.x < innerWidth && r.y < innerHeight;
       return {
         x: Math.round(r.x), y: Math.round(r.y),
         width: Math.round(r.width), height: Math.round(r.height),
-        visible: r.width > 0 && r.height > 0 && style.display !== 'none' && style.visibility !== 'hidden',
+        visible: Boolean(node.isConnected !== false && cssVisible && intersectsViewport),
       };
     };
     const homeIndicator = document.querySelector(${selectorLiteral("home-icon")});
@@ -1179,14 +1194,31 @@ async function verifySession(session, expectedThemeId = null, expectedRevision =
   });
 }
 
-async function waitForVerifiedSession(session, timeoutMs, expectedThemeId = null, expectedRevision = null) {
+export async function waitForVerifiedSession(
+  session,
+  timeoutMs,
+  expectedThemeId = null,
+  expectedRevision = null,
+  retryDelayMs = 500,
+) {
   const deadline = Date.now() + timeoutMs;
+  const retryDelay = Number.isFinite(retryDelayMs) && retryDelayMs >= 0 ? retryDelayMs : 500;
   let lastResult;
+  let lastError;
   while (Date.now() < deadline) {
-    lastResult = await verifySession(session, expectedThemeId, expectedRevision);
-    if (lastResult.pass) return lastResult;
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 500));
+    try {
+      lastResult = await verifySession(session, expectedThemeId, expectedRevision);
+      lastError = null;
+      if (lastResult.pass) return lastResult;
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Renderer navigations can invalidate Runtime.evaluate while Codex is
+      // swapping documents. Treat that as a transient sample until the same
+      // bounded verification deadline expires, matching the Windows injector.
+      lastError = error;
+    }
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, retryDelay));
   }
+  if (!lastResult && lastError) throw lastError;
   return lastResult;
 }
 
diff --git a/macos/tests/renderer-verification.test.mjs b/macos/tests/renderer-verification.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a13fa69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macos/tests/renderer-verification.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import test from "node:test";
+import vm from "node:vm";
+import { verifySession, waitForVerifiedSession } from "../scripts/injector.mjs";
+
+const selectors = {
+  shell: "main.main-surface",
+  sidebar: "aside.app-shell-left-panel",
+  composer: ".composer-surface-chrome",
+  home: '[role="main"]:has([data-testid="home-icon"])',
+  homeIcon: '[data-testid="home-icon"]',
+  gameSource: '[data-feature="game-source"]',
+  suggestions: ".group\\/home-suggestions",
+  settings: 'input[name="appearance-theme"]',
+  themePreview: '[data-testid="theme-preview"]',
+};
+
+function makeRect(width = 800, height = 600, x = 0, y = 0) {
+  return { x, y, width, height, right: x + width, bottom: y + height };
+}
+
+function makeElement({
+  rect = makeRect(),
+  style = {},
+  checkVisibility = true,
+  isConnected = true,
+} = {}) {
+  return {
+    isConnected,
+    classList: [],
+    childNodes: [],
+    textContent: "",
+    _style: {
+      display: "block",
+      visibility: "visible",
+      contentVisibility: "visible",
+      opacity: "1",
+      color: "rgb(0, 0, 0)",
+      ...style,
+    },
+    getBoundingClientRect: () => rect,
+    checkVisibility: () => checkVisibility,
+    closest: () => null,
+    querySelector: () => null,
+    querySelectorAll: () => [],
+  };
+}
+
+function makeDomFixture({
+  scope = { level: "L1", baseState: "thread" },
+  shell = makeElement(),
+  sidebar = makeElement(),
+  composer = makeElement(),
+  settings = null,
+  visibilityState = "visible",
+  viewportWidth = 1280,
+  viewportHeight = 800,
+} = {}) {
+  const styleNode = {};
+  const documentElement = {
+    scrollWidth: viewportWidth,
+    clientWidth: viewportWidth,
+    scrollHeight: viewportHeight,
+    clientHeight: viewportHeight,
+    getAttribute: (name) => name === "data-dream-skin" ? "active" : null,
+  };
+  const document = {
+    documentElement,
+    adoptedStyleSheets: [],
+    visibilityState,
+    querySelector(selector) {
+      if (selector === selectors.shell) return shell;
+      if (selector === selectors.sidebar) return sidebar;
+      if (selector === selectors.composer) return composer;
+      if (selector === selectors.settings || selector === selectors.themePreview) return settings;
+      if (selector === selectors.home || selector === selectors.homeIcon ||
+          selector === selectors.gameSource || selector === selectors.suggestions) return null;
+      return null;
+    },
+    querySelectorAll: () => [],
+    getElementById: (id) => id === "codex-dream-skin-style" ? styleNode : null,
+  };
+  const window = {
+    __CODEX_DREAM_SKIN_STATE__: {
+      version: "1.5.6",
+      themeId: "fixture-theme",
+      revision: "fixture-revision",
+      styleMode: "style",
+      styleNode,
+      scope,
+    },
+  };
+  return {
+    document,
+    window,
+    innerWidth: viewportWidth,
+    innerHeight: viewportHeight,
+    getComputedStyle: (node) => node?._style ?? {},
+  };
+}
+
+function makeSession({
+  dom = makeDomFixture(),
+  evaluateErrors = [],
+  nativeResponse = {
+    windowId: 41,
+    bounds: { width: 1280, height: 800, windowState: "normal" },
+  },
+} = {}) {
+  let evaluateCount = 0;
+  return {
+    target: { id: "page-main" },
+    get evaluateCount() { return evaluateCount; },
+    async evaluate(expression) {
+      const error = evaluateErrors[evaluateCount];
+      evaluateCount += 1;
+      if (error) throw error;
+      return vm.runInNewContext(expression, dom);
+    },
+    async send(method, params) {
+      assert.equal(method, "Browser.getWindowForTarget");
+      assert.deepEqual(params, { targetId: "page-main" });
+      return nativeResponse;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+async function verify(overrides = {}) {
+  return verifySession(
+    makeSession(overrides),
+    "fixture-theme",
+    "fixture-revision",
+  );
+}
+
+test("visible L1 renderer passes exact macOS verification", async () => {
+  const result = await verify();
+  assert.equal(result.pass, true);
+  assert.equal(result.shell.visible, true);
+  assert.equal(result.sidebar.visible, true);
+});
+
+test("CSS-hidden, detached, and offscreen anchors cannot satisfy L1", async () => {
+  const cases = [
+    ["display none", makeElement({ style: { display: "none" } })],
+    ["visibility hidden", makeElement({ style: { visibility: "hidden" } })],
+    ["visibility collapse", makeElement({ style: { visibility: "collapse" } })],
+    ["content-visibility hidden", makeElement({ style: { contentVisibility: "hidden" } })],
+    ["opacity zero", makeElement({ style: { opacity: "0" } })],
+    ["checkVisibility false", makeElement({ checkVisibility: false })],
+    ["detached", makeElement({ isConnected: false })],
+    ["offscreen right", makeElement({ rect: makeRect(200, 200, 1280, 20) })],
+    ["offscreen left", makeElement({ rect: makeRect(200, 200, -200, 20) })],
+    ["offscreen below", makeElement({ rect: makeRect(200, 200, 20, 800) })],
+  ];
+
+  for (const [label, shell] of cases) {
+    const result = await verify({ dom: makeDomFixture({ shell }) });
+    assert.equal(result.pass, false, label);
+    assert.equal(result.checks.structurePass, false, label);
+    assert.equal(result.shell.visible, false, label);
+  }
+});
+
+test("transient Runtime.evaluate failures are retried inside the bounded deadline", async () => {
+  const session = makeSession({
+    evaluateErrors: [new Error("Execution context was destroyed during navigation")],
+  });
+  const result = await waitForVerifiedSession(
+    session,
+    100,
+    "fixture-theme",
+    "fixture-revision",
+    1,
+  );
+  assert.equal(result.pass, true);
+  assert.equal(session.evaluateCount, 2);
+});
+
+test("verification rethrows the last transient error when no sample succeeds", async () => {
+  const session = makeSession();
+  session.evaluate = async () => {
+    throw new Error("Execution context stayed unavailable");
+  };
+  await assert.rejects(
+    waitForVerifiedSession(session, 15, "fixture-theme", "fixture-revision", 1),
+    /Execution context stayed unavailable/,
+  );
+});