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<h1 id="seo-header">FastAPI学习笔记</h1>
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<h1 id="FastAPI学习笔记"><a href="#FastAPI学习笔记" class="headerlink" title="FastAPI学习笔记"></a>FastAPI学习笔记</h1><p><strong>FastAPI</strong> 是一个现代、快速（高性能）的 Web 框架，用于使用基于标准 Python 类型提示的 Python 构建 API。</p>
<p>文档:<a href="%22https://fastapi.org.cn/%22">FastAPI档案</a></p>
<h2 id="介绍"><a href="#介绍" class="headerlink" title="介绍"></a>介绍</h2><p>FastAPI 是一个现代、快速（高性能）的 Web 框架，用于使用基于标准 Python 类型提示的 Python 构建 API。</p>
<p>主要特点是:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>快速</strong>：性能极高，与 <strong>NodeJS</strong> 和 <strong>Go</strong> 不相上下（得益于 Starlette 和 Pydantic）。</li>
<li><strong>编码快速</strong>：开发功能的速度提升约 200% 到 300%。*</li>
<li><strong>更少 Bug</strong>：减少约 40% 的人为（开发者）错误。*</li>
<li><strong>直观</strong>：出色的编辑器支持。自动完成无处不在。调试时间更少。</li>
<li><strong>简单</strong>：设计为易于使用和学习。阅读文档的时间更少。</li>
<li><strong>简洁</strong>：最小化代码重复。每个参数声明提供多项功能。Bug 更少。</li>
<li><strong>健壮</strong>：获得生产就绪的代码。带有自动交互式文档。</li>
<li><strong>基于标准</strong>：基于（并完全兼容）API 开放标准：OpenAPI（以前称为 Swagger）和 JSON Schema.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h2><ol>
<li><p>安装Python 3.10+ 和 pip</p>
</li>
<li><p>安装<code>fastapi</code></p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs powershell">pip install <span class="hljs-string">"fastapi[standard]"</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="3">
<li>编写文件<code>main.py</code></li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> typing <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-type">Union</span><br><br><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> FastAPI<br><br>app = FastAPI()<br><br><br><span class="hljs-meta">@app.get(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-string">"/"</span></span>)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">read_root</span>():<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {<span class="hljs-string">"Hello"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"World"</span>}<br><br><br><span class="hljs-meta">@app.get(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-string">"/items/{item_id}"</span></span>)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">read_item</span>(<span class="hljs-params">item_id: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>, q: <span class="hljs-type">Union</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">str</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>] = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span></span>):<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {<span class="hljs-string">"item_id"</span>: item_id, <span class="hljs-string">"q"</span>: q}<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="4">
<li>运行项目</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs powershell">fastapi dev main.py<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="路径参数"><a href="#路径参数" class="headerlink" title="路径参数"></a>路径参数</h2><p>使用 Python 格式字符串的相同语法声明路径“参数”或“变量”</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> FastAPI<br><br>app = FastAPI()<br><br><span class="hljs-meta">@app.get(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-string">"/items/{item_id}"</span></span>)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">read_item</span>(<span class="hljs-params">item_id</span>):<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {<span class="hljs-string">"item_id"</span>: item_id}<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>路径参数 <code>item_id</code> 的值将作为参数 <code>item_id</code> 传递给你的函数。</p>
<p>此时输入<code>localhost:8000/item_id/1000</code>,则返回<code>{"item_id":1000}</code></p>
<h3 id="带参数的路径参数"><a href="#带参数的路径参数" class="headerlink" title="带参数的路径参数"></a>带参数的路径参数</h3><p>可以使用标准的 Python 类型注解在函数中声明路径参数的类型</p>
<p>在此示例中，<code>item_id</code> 被声明为 <code>int</code> 类型，python将提供类型检查和自动补全</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> FastAPI<br><br>app = FastAPI()<br><br><br><span class="hljs-meta">@app.get(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-string">"/items/{item_id}"</span></span>)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">read_item</span>(<span class="hljs-params">item_id: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span></span>):<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {<span class="hljs-string">"item_id"</span>: item_id}<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="相同路径的顺序问题"><a href="#相同路径的顺序问题" class="headerlink" title="相同路径的顺序问题"></a>相同路径的顺序问题</h3><p>在创建路径操作时，你可能会遇到固定路径的情况。</p>
<p>比如 <code>/users/me</code>，我们假设它是用来获取当前用户数据的。</p>
<p>然后你可能还有一个路径 <code>/users/{user_id}</code>，通过某个用户 ID 获取特定用户的数据。</p>
<p>由于路径操作是按顺序评估的，你需要确保 <code>/users/me</code> 的路径在 <code>/users/{user_id}</code> 之前声明</p>
<p><strong>简单来说:</strong> 相同路径参数,常量优先</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> FastAPI<br><br>app = FastAPI()<br><br><br><span class="hljs-meta">@app.get(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-string">"/users/me"</span></span>)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">read_user_me</span>():<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {<span class="hljs-string">"user_id"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"the current user"</span>}<br><br><br><span class="hljs-meta">@app.get(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-string">"/users/{user_id}"</span></span>)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">read_user</span>(<span class="hljs-params">user_id: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span></span>):<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {<span class="hljs-string">"user_id"</span>: user_id}<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>否则，<code>/users/{user_id}</code> 的路径也会匹配 <code>/users/me</code>，它会“认为”收到了一个值为 <code>"me"</code> 的 <code>user_id</code> 参数。</p>
<p><strong>注意:</strong> 不能重新定义同一个路径参数</p>
<h3 id="预定值-Enum"><a href="#预定值-Enum" class="headerlink" title="预定值(Enum)"></a>预定值(Enum)</h3><p>导入 <code>Enum</code> 并创建一个继承自 <code>str</code> 和 <code>Enum</code> 的子类。</p>
<p>通过继承 <code>str</code>，API 文档将能够知道这些值必须是 <code>string</code> 类型，并能够正确渲染。</p>
<p><strong>参考文档：</strong><a target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer" href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3.12/howto/enum.html">Python Enum Docs</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p> <strong>枚举类</strong>是 Python 提供的一种数据类型，用于定义一组固定的常量。它可以提高代码的可读性和安全性，避免值的误用。枚举类通过 <em>enum</em> 模块实现，支持多种功能，如成员访问、值比较、自定义属性等。</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> enum <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Enum<br><br><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ModelName</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">str</span>, Enum):<br> alexnet = <span class="hljs-string">"alexnet"</span><br> resnet = <span class="hljs-string">"resnet"</span><br> lenet = <span class="hljs-string">"lenet"</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="包含路径的路径参数"><a href="#包含路径的路径参数" class="headerlink" title="包含路径的路径参数"></a>包含路径的路径参数</h3><p>假设你有一个路径为 <code>/files/{file_path}</code> 的_路径操作。</p>
<p>但是你需要 <code>file_path</code> 本身包含一个路径，例如 <code>home/johndoe/myfile.txt</code>。</p>
<p>因此，该文件的 URL 将类似于：<code>/files/home/johndoe/myfile.txt</code>。</p>
<p><strong>解决方案:</strong> 直接使用<code>Starlette</code>的一个选项，你可以使用如下 URL 声明一个<strong>包含路径的</strong>路径参数.</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> FastAPI<br><br>app = FastAPI()<br><br><span class="hljs-meta">@app.get(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-string">"/files/{file_path:path}"</span></span>)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">read_file</span>(<span class="hljs-params">file_path: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span></span>):<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {<span class="hljs-string">"file_path"</span>: file_path}<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="查询参数"><a href="#查询参数" class="headerlink" title="查询参数"></a>查询参数</h2><p>当你声明不属于路径参数的其他函数参数时，它们会自动被解释为“查询”参数。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> FastAPI<br><br>app = FastAPI()<br><br>fake_items_db = [{<span class="hljs-string">"item_name"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Foo"</span>}, {<span class="hljs-string">"item_name"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Bar"</span>}, {<span class="hljs-string">"item_name"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Baz"</span>}]<br><br><br><span class="hljs-meta">@app.get(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-string">"/items/"</span></span>)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">read_item</span>(<span class="hljs-params">skip: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, limit: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> = <span class="hljs-number">10</span></span>):<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> fake_items_db[skip : skip + limit]<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="格式"><a href="#格式" class="headerlink" title="格式"></a>格式</h3><p><strong>查询</strong>是一组键值对，位于 URL 中的 <code>?</code> 之后，并用 <code>&</code> 字符分隔，形如<code>http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10</code></p>
<p>其中，查询参数是</p>
<ul>
<li><p><code>skip</code>:<code>0</code></p>
</li>
<li><p><code>limit</code>:<code>0</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>在Pydantic中，使用类型注解后会自动转换获取的查询参数为对应的格式。</p>
<h3 id="默认值"><a href="#默认值" class="headerlink" title="默认值"></a>默认值</h3><p>查询参数不是路径的固定部分，因此它们可以是<strong>可选</strong>的并可以有<strong>默认值</strong>。</p>
<h3 id="可选参数"><a href="#可选参数" class="headerlink" title="可选参数"></a>可选参数</h3><p>通过将默认值设置为 <code>None</code> 来声明可选查询参数</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> FastAPI<br><br>app = FastAPI()<br><br><br><span class="hljs-meta">@app.get(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-string">"/items/{item_id}"</span></span>)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">read_item</span>(<span class="hljs-params">item_id: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span>, q: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span> | <span class="hljs-literal">None</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span></span>):<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> q:<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {<span class="hljs-string">"item_id"</span>: item_id, <span class="hljs-string">"q"</span>: q}<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {<span class="hljs-string">"item_id"</span>: item_id}<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>注：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>参数可声明<code>bool</code>类型，任何其他大小写变体（大写、首字母大写等），函数会将形参视为 <code>True</code> 的 <code>bool</code> 值。否则为 <code>False</code>。</p>
</li>
<li><p>可同时声明多个路径参数和查询参数</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="请求体"><a href="#请求体" class="headerlink" title="请求体"></a>请求体</h2><p>客户端向 API 发送的数据称为<strong>请求体</strong>，API 返回的数据称为<strong>响应体</strong>。API 通常需要返回响应体，但客户端不一定总是需要发送请求体，有时仅请求路径和查询参数即可。</p>
<p><strong>要声明请求体，需要使用<code>pydantic</code>模型</strong></p>
<h3 id="导入BaseModel"><a href="#导入BaseModel" class="headerlink" title="导入BaseModel"></a>导入BaseModel</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> FastAPI<br><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> pydantic <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> BaseModel<br><br><br><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Item</span>(<span class="hljs-title class_ inherited__">BaseModel</span>):<br> name: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span><br> description: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span> | <span class="hljs-literal">None</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br> price: <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span><br> tax: <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> | <span class="hljs-literal">None</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br><br><br>app = FastAPI()<br><br><br><span class="hljs-meta">@app.post(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-string">"/items/"</span></span>)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">create_item</span>(<span class="hljs-params">item: Item</span>):<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> item<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="将BaseModel导入参数注解"><a href="#将BaseModel导入参数注解" class="headerlink" title="将BaseModel导入参数注解"></a>将<code>BaseModel</code>导入参数注解</h3><p>语法：<code>item: Item</code></p>
<p><strong>注：</strong> 可使用<code>type | None =none</code>表示可选参数</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> FastAPI<br><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> pydantic <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> BaseModel<br><br><br><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Item</span>(<span class="hljs-title class_ inherited__">BaseModel</span>):<br> name: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span><br> description: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span> | <span class="hljs-literal">None</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br> price: <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span><br> tax: <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> | <span class="hljs-literal">None</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br><br><br>app = FastAPI()<br><br><br><span class="hljs-meta">@app.post(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-string">"/items/"</span></span>)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">create_item</span>(<span class="hljs-params">item: Item</span>):<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> item<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="访问请求体模型"><a href="#访问请求体模型" class="headerlink" title="访问请求体模型"></a>访问请求体模型</h3><p>在函数内部，可以直接访问模型对象的所有属性 </p>
<p>使用<code>item.dict()</code>或<code>item.model_dump()</code>方法赋值</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> FastAPI<br><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> pydantic <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> BaseModel<br><br><br><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Item</span>(<span class="hljs-title class_ inherited__">BaseModel</span>):<br> name: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span><br> description: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span> | <span class="hljs-literal">None</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br> price: <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span><br> tax: <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> | <span class="hljs-literal">None</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br><br><br>app = FastAPI()<br><br><br><span class="hljs-meta">@app.post(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-string">"/items/"</span></span>)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">create_item</span>(<span class="hljs-params">item: Item</span>):<br> item_dict = item.<span class="hljs-built_in">dict</span>()<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> item.tax <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>:<br> price_with_tax = item.price + item.tax<br> item_dict.update({<span class="hljs-string">"price_with_tax"</span>: price_with_tax})<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> item_dict<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="请求体-路径参数"><a href="#请求体-路径参数" class="headerlink" title="请求体+路径参数"></a>请求体+路径参数</h3><p><strong>FastAPI</strong> 将识别与路径参数匹配的函数参数应 <strong>从路径中获取</strong>，而声明为 Pydantic 模型的函数参数应 <strong>从请求体中获取</strong>。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> FastAPI<br><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> pydantic <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> BaseModel<br><br><br><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Item</span>(<span class="hljs-title class_ inherited__">BaseModel</span>):<br> name: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span><br> description: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span> | <span class="hljs-literal">None</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br> price: <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span><br> tax: <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> | <span class="hljs-literal">None</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br><br><br>app = FastAPI()<br><br><br><span class="hljs-meta">@app.put(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-string">"/items/{item_id}"</span></span>)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">update_item</span>(<span class="hljs-params">item_id: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>, item: Item</span>):<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {<span class="hljs-string">"item_id"</span>: item_id, **item.<span class="hljs-built_in">dict</span>()}<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="请求体-路径-查询参数"><a href="#请求体-路径-查询参数" class="headerlink" title="请求体+路径+查询参数"></a>请求体+路径+查询参数</h3><p>同上。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> FastAPI<br><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> pydantic <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> BaseModel<br><br><br><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Item</span>(<span class="hljs-title class_ inherited__">BaseModel</span>):<br> name: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span><br> description: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span> | <span class="hljs-literal">None</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br> price: <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span><br> tax: <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> | <span class="hljs-literal">None</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span><br><br><br>app = FastAPI()<br><br><br><span class="hljs-meta">@app.put(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-string">"/items/{item_id}"</span></span>)</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">update_item</span>(<span class="hljs-params">item_id: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>, item: Item, q: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span> | <span class="hljs-literal">None</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span></span>):<br> result = {<span class="hljs-string">"item_id"</span>: item_id, **item.<span class="hljs-built_in">dict</span>()}<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> q:<br> result.update({<span class="hljs-string">"q"</span>: q})<br> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> result<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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